home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=92TT1223>
- <title>
- June 01, 1992: Population:The Uninvited Guest
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- June 01, 1992 RIO:Coming Together to Save the Earth
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORIES, Page 54
- RIO: SUMMIT TO SAVE THE EARTH
- Population: The Uninvited Guest
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By EUGENE LINDEN
- </p>
- <p> Imagine an Earth Summit at which the delegates were
- magically insulated from nationalist, religious and cultural
- pressures and then told to pick one issue that had the most
- impact on the quality of the environment and the cause of
- sustainable development. There is little doubt what this dream
- conference would focus on: population. By itself, controlled
- population growth will not solve the world's problems, but if
- human numbers and consumption continue to rise unabated, there
- is little hope for the other creatures with whom we share the
- earth and a high probability of catastrophe for humanity itself.
- After years of preparation, however, the negotiators preparing
- the main documents for Rio have relegated the issue to a few
- delicately worded phrases. In the draft of the Rio Declaration,
- the sole mention of population is a deliberately ambiguous
- reference to "appropriate demographic policies."
- </p>
- <p> The problem is that the negotiators cannot operate in a
- world divorced from dogmas. In the case of discussions about
- birth control, the pressures came from the Vatican and
- fundamentalist Muslims. Ironically, according to summit
- officials, feminists led by former U.S. Congresswoman Bella
- Abzug may have unintentionally aided the forces aligned against
- family planning by pushing aggressively for a more liberal
- women's reproductive-rights agenda than the conservative
- cultures in the developing world could accept.
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, the summit's capitulation on the population
- question will probably nullify whatever progress the conference
- makes on other issues. The United Nations Population Fund has
- just released new forecasts for population growth, which have
- been raised sharply. In 1980 the agency projected that the
- world's population, now at 5.4 billion, would stabilize at 10
- billion people roughly 100 years from now, but the new estimates
- show it surpassing 11.6 billion by the year 2150.
- </p>
- <p> And that prediction may be optimistic, based on the
- assumption that developing nations can reduce their birthrate
- from 3.8 children per mother to 3.3 by the year 2000. If that
- reduced birthrate is not reached until 2010, the population will
- hit 12.5 billion by the middle of the next century -- unless
- mass starvation, disease or war curbs the numbers. Almost all
- these people would live in developing countries, and it is
- difficult to imagine how any agreement coming out of Rio could
- offset the negative impact of this tide of humanity.
- </p>
- <p> "We already have a full-occupancy planet," says Noel
- Brown, North American director of the U.N. Environment Program.
- Today 80% of deforestation results from population growth. If
- the numbers keep rising until 2050, the U.N. estimates, an
- additional 5.9 million sq km (2.3 million sq. mi.) of land will
- have to be turned over to farming, roads and urban uses. This
- is almost equivalent to the total size of protected natural
- areas on earth today. Most good agricultural land is already
- under plow, and each year desertification, improper irrigation
- and overuse take millions of acres out of production. Farms may
- increase in productivity, but it will be much harder to match
- the gains of the past, and whether agricultural output can keep
- pace with population is an open question.
- </p>
- <p> Seafood will not be limitless either. Some scientists
- estimate that rising demand will exceed what the oceans can
- produce by 20% in as little as 20 years. One sign of how badly
- the seas have been overfished is that populations of bluefin
- tuna have declined 94% since 1970.
- </p>
- <p> The world has already overshot the saturation point in its
- ability to process many wastes. For instance, a doubling of
- human population would be likely to boost the concentrations of
- nitrates in rivers 55%. Nitrates, which get into the water from
- air pollution and fertilizer runoff, are among the most
- difficult contaminants to remove. The chemicals cause human
- diseases and promote water conditions that kill fish and other
- aquatic life.
- </p>
- <p> Earth Summit enthusiasts argue that efforts to raise
- incomes and educational levels for the poor will have the side
- effect of lowering population growth. In the fastest-growing
- countries, however, population increases prevent development by
- sopping up investment capital that might otherwise improve
- lives. If the summit is to be more than a bureaucratic sideshow
- unrelated to the forces threatening the globe, it will have to
- do more than offer camouflaged references to the population
- explosion.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-